During the Cold War, Cuba existed within the gravitational pull of two global superpowers. Its geographic proximity to the United States and its strategic significance within the Caribbean placed the island squarely inside the geopolitical imagination of Washington and Moscow alike. In such an environment, expectations about Cuba’s political direction were rarely subtle or neutral. … Read more
CUBA and the Refusal of Deference Sovereignty is often discussed as a matter of law, borders, and recognition among states. Yet history suggests that sovereignty is not sustained by legal status alone. It is also a matter of posture—how a nation understands its own existence, how it narrates its place in the world, and whether … Read more
In 1804, Haiti declared itself a sovereign nation after defeating one of the most powerful military forces in the world. The revolution that produced the first Black republic was not only a military victory. It was also a rupture in the political imagination of the Atlantic world. Enslaved people who had been told for generations … Read more
After publishing a recent essay on Haiti and sovereignty, a few practical questions naturally followed—about the indemnity, the Duvalier era, and the historical context shaping the present. This short piece remains grounded in the broader framework while addressing those questions directly and clarifying the structural pressures Haiti has faced over time. How much did Haiti … Read more
Sovereign, Yet Constrained HAITI and the Architecture of External Power Sovereignty is often imagined as absolute — either present or absent, intact or erased. In practice, it operates more like a structure than a switch. A nation may possess formal independence, international recognition, and treaty authority, yet still experience constraints that shape how freely it … Read more
This is a BattlePlan Virtual digital content, research, informational, business operations discussion/explainer. What’s best for your business?? – Digital or Electronic Invoicing? First, let’s determine if there is a difference between digital and electronic invoicing. Are they one and the same or not?? Yes, there is a difference between digital and electronic invoicing. Electronic invoicing … Read more
THE CASE: The challenge was to transition the existing publication format from a newsletter to a more creative and engaging e-zine. In working with my client, CARIBBEAN VILLAGE, a culture-based retail establishment located at Monroeville Mall in Monroeville, Pennsylvania, the transitional content objective was defined as, offering content “featuring the whole of the Caribbean, not … Read more
This is a BattlePlan Virtual digital content, research, informational, current state of business discussion/explainer. What are Peer-to-Peer Marketplaces? A peer-to-peer marketplace is a website that connects people who own a product or offer a service with people who want to buy or rent it. Such marketplaces are truly a diverse, global phenomenon, divided into 3 categories, … Read more
This is a BattlePlan Virtual digital content, research, informational, taxation primer. First shared via Terri Bell and Associates, IN THE BLACK Newsletter, Volume 1, Issue 7. Gig Economy Definition: A gig economy is a labor market that relies on temporary and part-time positions filled by independent contractors and entrepreneurial freelancers rather than full-time permanent employees. Gig … Read more
This is a BattlePlan Virtual finance content marketing “Explainer with Comparison” and related information sample. First shared via Terri Bell and Associates, IN THE BLACK – a financial services Newsletter. Peer-to-Peer Payment Apps | A Comparison First let’s define peer-to-peer payments [P2P], then compare 3 of the most popular peer-to-peer payment applications or “apps”, and … Read more
